Complete guide to Canadian federal/provincial taxes, CPP/EI, best tax software, and top Canadian accountants
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Understanding federal income tax, provincial taxes, CPP, and EI contributions
Canada operates a progressive tax system with both federal and provincial components. Federal tax rates range from 15% to 33%, while provincial rates vary significantly by province. Most Canadians also contribute to Canada Pension Plan (CPP) and Employment Insurance (EI).
Federal tax rates for 2025: 15% on income up to $55,867, 20.5% from $55,868 to $111,733, 26% from $111,734 to $173,205, 29% from $173,206 to $246,752, and 33% on income over $246,752. The basic personal amount is $15,705, meaning the first $15,705 of income is tax-free.
Provincial taxes vary significantly: Alberta has a flat 10% rate, while Quebec's top rate is 25.75%. Ontario ranges from 5.05% to 13.16%, British Columbia from 5.06% to 20.5%. Combined federal and provincial rates can reach over 50% for high earners in some provinces.
CPP contribution rate is 5.95% on employment income between $3,500 and $68,500 (maximum $4,055.25 annually). EI rate is 1.66% on insurable earnings up to $63,300 (maximum $1,050.78). Self-employed individuals pay both employee and employer portions.
Individual tax returns (T1) are due April 30th for the previous tax year. If you or your spouse is self-employed, the deadline extends to June 15th, but any taxes owed are still due April 30th. Quebec residents must file separate provincial returns.
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