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Moving From Tennessee Tax Guide 2026: No Income Tax, High Sales Tax & Why Nashville Residents Leave

Quick Answer: Tennessee has no state income tax on wages, retirement income, or investment income — the Hall Income Tax (which taxed interest and dividends) was fully repealed effective January 1, 2021. However, Tennessee has the highest average combined sales tax rate in the US at approximately 9.55% (state 7% + average local 2.55%). Tennessee has no estate or inheritance tax. People leave Tennessee primarily for lower cost of living (Nashville has become expensive relative to income), and occasionally for states with lower sales taxes.
By Daniel, founder of CountryTaxCalc.com

Last Updated: April 2026

Key Facts

No State Income Tax
Tennessee has no state income tax — zero on wages, investment income, capital gains, Social Security, pension income, IRA/401k distributions, or any other income type. The Hall Income Tax (final remaining income-like tax) was fully repealed effective January 1, 2021. Tennessee residents pay only federal income tax.
Sales Tax — Highest in the US
Tennessee state sales tax: 7% (standard), 5% on food/groceries. Local option sales taxes: up to 2.75% additional. Tennessee's combined average sales tax (state + local) is approximately 9.55% — the highest average combined rate of any state. Memphis: 9.75%. Nashville (Davidson County): 9.75%. Chattanooga (Hamilton County): 9.25%.
Groceries Sales Tax
Tennessee taxes groceries at 4% (state rate, reduced from 5% in 2023) + local rate. While below the standard 7%, Tennessee is one of relatively few states that taxes food at all. The food sales tax is a meaningful burden for low-income households.
Property Tax
Tennessee property tax effective rate approximately 0.66% — well below the national average. This is one of Tennessee's genuine advantages. A $500,000 home in Nashville averages approximately $3,300/year in property tax. Shelby County (Memphis): approximately $1.5% effective rate — higher than Nashville/Davidson County. Rural Tennessee counties typically have lower effective rates.
No Estate or Inheritance Tax
Tennessee repealed its estate tax effective January 1, 2016. Tennessee has no inheritance tax. Tennesseans pay only federal estate tax (exemption: USD 13.61 million in 2024).
Tennessee's Hall Tax Repeal Timeline
Tennessee's Hall Income Tax was progressively reduced: 6% (through 2015), 5% (2016), 4% (2017), 3% (2018), 2% (2019), 1% (2020), 0% (2021 complete repeal). The phased repeal was a major Tennessee tax reform, eliminating the last income-like tax on investment income for high-net-worth Tennessee residents.

Tennessee eliminated its last vestige of state income tax in 2021 when the Hall Income Tax (which had taxed interest and dividends at 1–6% through a phase-out) was fully repealed. Tennessee now has zero state income tax of any kind. This makes Tennessee a compelling destination for in-migrants — which is exactly what has happened: Tennessee, particularly the Nashville metro and Williamson County suburbs, has experienced explosive population growth. This guide addresses what Tennessee residents (especially those in overheated Nashville) need to know if they are evaluating a departure, and what tax changes to expect from any move.

Why Tennessee Residents Leave Despite Zero Income Tax

Tennessee's no-income-tax status has made it one of the fastest-growing states in the US. Nashville in particular has experienced dramatic growth — and with growth comes the drivers of out-migration:

Nashville Cost of Living

Nashville home prices have risen approximately 60–80% from 2019 to 2024. Median home price in Nashville/Davidson County: approximately $430,000 (2024). A Tennessee remote worker who could have bought a home for $280,000 in 2019 now faces $430,000+ for the same property — a significant shift. Some long-term Nashville residents are moving to smaller Tennessee cities (Murfreesboro, Chattanooga, Knoxville) or to neighboring states (Alabama, Mississippi) for lower housing costs.

Sales Tax Burden

At 9.55% combined rate, Tennessee's sales tax is a real cost. A household spending $60,000 on taxable goods and services (excluding groceries partially) might incur $5,000–$5,700/year in Tennessee sales tax. This is higher than Florida (~7% combined), Texas (~8.25% combined), or Nevada (~8.23% combined). However, the sales tax burden doesn't typically drive interstate migration decisions on its own.

Out-Migration Patterns

Tennessee's out-migrants typically move to Florida (warm climate, no income tax, lower property tax), Alabama and Mississippi (lower cost of living, no income tax), or back north for family and career reasons. The net migration pattern remains strongly positive for Tennessee — the state continues to attract more people than it loses.

Tennessee Residency Exit Rules

Tennessee uses standard domicile-based residency. Since Tennessee has no income tax, the primary departure considerations are:

No Tennessee Part-Year Return

Tennessee has no income tax to report, so there is no state income tax return to file on departure. Former Tennessee residents with Tennessee rental property, business income, or other Tennessee-source income after departure do not owe Tennessee income tax (there is none). The only Tennessee-specific concern is proper transfer of vehicle registration and driver's license to the new state.

Business Tax Note

Tennessee levies a Franchise and Excise Tax on businesses operating in Tennessee. This is a business-level tax (not personal income tax) and continues to apply to Tennessee business operations regardless of owner residency. Tennessee business owners who move out of state while retaining Tennessee business operations should continue to meet Tennessee franchise/excise tax filing obligations.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Is Tennessee or Florida better for retirees on tax?

Both states have zero income tax and zero estate tax — so the income tax and estate tax comparison is a draw. The primary differences: Property tax: Tennessee (~0.66% effective) is lower than Florida (~0.91%) on a rate basis, but Florida's Homestead Exemption and Save Our Homes cap protect long-term Florida homeowners significantly. For a new buyer: $500,000 home in Tennessee = ~$3,300/year property tax; $500,000 home in Florida = ~$4,550/year without homestead. Tennessee wins on property tax for new buyers. Sales tax: Tennessee at 9.55% average vs Florida at ~7% — Florida is meaningfully lower. Healthcare access: both states have comparable private healthcare; Tennessee has no equivalent to Florida's concentration of retirement-focused medical facilities. Climate: Florida offers warmer winters; Tennessee offers four seasons with milder winters than the Northeast. For most retirees choosing between Tennessee and Florida, climate and proximity to family drive the decision more than the modest tax differences.

Q: Does Tennessee tax Social Security income?

No — Tennessee has no state income tax of any kind, so Social Security is completely exempt from Tennessee taxation. This has been true throughout the Hall Income Tax era (the Hall Tax only applied to interest and dividends from investments, not to SS, wages, or retirement accounts) and continues after the Hall Tax repeal. Tennessee is one of the most favorable states for Social Security recipients along with the other no-income-tax states. A Tennessee retiree receiving $30,000 in Social Security benefits plus $40,000 in pension/IRA income pays $0 Tennessee income tax on any of it.

Q: How does Tennessee compare to Texas for someone moving from a high-tax state?

Both Tennessee and Texas have no state income tax. The main financial differences: Property tax: Texas (~1.63% effective) is significantly higher than Tennessee (~0.66%). A $500,000 home in Texas generates approximately $8,150/year in property tax vs $3,300 in Tennessee — a $4,850/year difference favoring Tennessee. Sales tax: Tennessee (9.55% average) vs Texas (8.25% average) — Texas is lower. Cost of living: Texas varies widely (Austin has risen sharply; San Antonio and Dallas remain more affordable); Nashville has risen significantly; secondary Tennessee cities (Chattanooga, Knoxville) remain affordable. Climate: Texas offers warmer weather but more extreme summers; Tennessee offers more moderate climate. For someone choosing between Texas and Tennessee for tax purposes, Tennessee wins on property tax and Texas wins on sales tax — but the property tax differential is larger in dollar terms for most homeowners.

Disclaimer: This guide provides general tax information for educational purposes only. Tennessee sales tax rates include local option rates that vary by county and municipality. This is not tax advice. Consult a CPA for Tennessee-specific tax planning.

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