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Moving from South Korea Tax Guide 2026: Exit Tax ₩1 Billion, NPS Withdrawal & Jeonse Deposit

Quick Answer: South Korea imposes an exit tax on individuals with qualifying stock holdings: if you own 3%+ of a domestic company's stock OR your domestic shares have a market value of ₩1 billion or more, an exit tax applies to the unrealised gains on those shares on departure. Korean income tax reaches 49.5% (45% + 10% local income tax surcharge). The NPS (National Pension Service) lump sum withdrawal is available for foreign nationals on departure. Jeonse deposit refunds must be coordinated carefully before departure.
By Daniel, founder of CountryTaxCalc.com

Last Updated: April 2026

Key Facts

Korean Income Tax Rates and Flat Tax Option for Foreigners
Korean individual income tax (소득세, Sodeukse) progressive rates (2026): 6% (up to KRW 14,000,000), 15% (14–50M), 24% (50–88M), 35% (88–150M), 38% (150–300M), 40% (300–500M), 42% (500M–1B), 45% (above 1B). Plus Local Income Tax (지방소득세): 10% surtax on income tax payable. Effective top combined rate: 49.5% (45% + 10% of 45% = 4.5%). Foreign workers' flat tax option: foreign nationals working in Korea may elect a flat tax rate of 20.9% (19% + 10% LIT) on Korean employment income — this replaces the progressive rates. Applicable for up to 20 years in Korea (extended from 5 to 20 years by 2023 legislation). Available: only for employment income (salaries, bonuses) — not investment income or business income. Election: made annually when filing the income tax return. Advantageous for: foreign workers earning above approximately KRW 100M/year (where the flat rate is lower than progressive). On departure: in the final year, the flat tax election can still be made for the period of Korean residency — potentially very valuable for high earners.
Korean Exit Tax: Equity Holdings on Departure
South Korea's exit tax (출국세, Chulguk Se) — introduced 2018 — applies to Korean tax residents who hold qualifying equity stakes on departure. Qualifying threshold: (1) You own ≥3% of the total shares of a Korean domestic company; OR (2) Your Korean domestic shares have a market value of ₩1,000,000,000 (approximately $750,000 USD) or more at the time of departure. Exit tax mechanics: on the date of departure, the qualifying shares are deemed disposed at their current market value. The capital gain (market value minus cost basis) is subject to Korean CGT. Korean CGT on domestic shares (대주주 양도소득세): 20% on gains up to KRW 300M; 25% on gains above KRW 300M. Application to foreign nationals: the exit tax applies to Korean tax residents — including foreign nationals who have been Korean tax residents for 5 or more years and meet the share threshold. Foreigners residing in Korea for fewer than 5 consecutive years before departure: exempt from exit tax. DTA relief: if you move to a DTA country, the Korea-DTA may limit Korea's taxation rights on the exit gain — check the specific country's treaty with Korea. Payment: exit tax must be paid within 2 months of departure.
NPS (National Pension Service): Lump Sum Withdrawal for Foreigners
Korea's National Pension Service (국민연금, Gungmin Yeongeum) is a mandatory pension contribution system for employees in Korea. Employee contribution: 4.5% of standard monthly income; employer: 4.5%; self-employed: 9%. Foreign nationals and NPS: most foreign nationals working in Korea on registered employment visas contribute to NPS. However, nationals of countries with Korea NPS totalization agreements may be exempt (list includes USA, Canada, Germany, UK, Japan, China, Australia, France, and others). Lump sum withdrawal (반환일시금, Banwon Ilsigeum): foreign nationals who are permanently leaving Korea and have paid NPS contributions can claim a lump sum refund of their accumulated contributions. Requirements: (1) Not a Korean national. (2) No intention to remain in Korea as a registered resident. (3) Have not yet reached pension age (62). How to claim: apply to the NPS with your departure documentation (departure confirmation, visa cancellation, passport) — in person at an NPS office or via the NPS foreigners' portal. Processing time: approximately 2–4 weeks. Tax on NPS refund: subject to 20% Korean income tax withholding at source on the gain portion (contribution earnings). Contribution principal refunded without tax.
Jeonse Deposit Refund: The Unique Korean Departure Issue
Jeonse (전세) is a uniquely Korean rental system where a tenant pays a large lump-sum deposit (typically 50%–80% of property value) to the landlord instead of monthly rent — the landlord uses the deposit for investment and returns it in full at the end of the lease. For departing residents holding a jeonse deposit: the landlord must return the full deposit at the end of the lease. Departure timing risk: if you need to depart Korea before your jeonse lease ends, the landlord may not return the deposit early. Strategies: (1) Negotiate early termination with the landlord — find a replacement tenant to take over the jeonse, which releases your deposit. (2) Wait until lease expiry — jeonse leases are typically 2 years. (3) Seek legal assistance if the landlord refuses — Korea has strengthened tenant protections for jeonse deposit recovery (Jeonse Deposit Protection Act). Recent jeonse crisis: 2022–2024 jeonse fraud and price drops left many tenants unable to recover deposits from insolvent landlords. Verify the landlord's mortgage situation (등기부등본 property registry) before signing any jeonse contract. Deposit insurance: Jeonse Deposit Protection Insurance (전세보증보험) from HUG (Korea Housing Finance Corporation) covers deposit recovery if the landlord defaults — recommended for all jeonse tenants. Tax on jeonse deposit: the deposit itself is not taxable income. However, imputed rental income rules may apply on large jeonse deposits from the landlord's perspective — not a tenant departure tax issue.
Korean Departure Tax Filing and Final Obligations
Korean income tax year: calendar year. Final return: file the annual income tax return (종합소득세 신고) by May 31 of the following year (or by the departure date if departing mid-year, via a pre-filing request). Employment income only: Korean employers withhold income tax via year-end settlement (연말정산, Yeonmal Jeongsan) — the employer processes this in January of the following year. If departing before year-end: request that your employer process a final settlement before your departure date. Health insurance (건강보험, Geongang Bohŏm): Korean National Health Insurance contributions end on departure. If you have paid premiums in advance: apply for a refund of overpaid premiums from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS). Employment Insurance (고용보험): similar refund process. Final tax clearance: Korea does not require a formal tax clearance certificate for individuals on departure. However, the tax authority (NTS — National Tax Service) can audit returns for up to 5 years after filing. Ensure all withholding tax receipts and year-end settlement documents are retained. Korean TIN (납세자번호): automatically deactivated on cancellation of alien registration.

South Korea has a sophisticated and heavily enforced tax system. For the growing community of foreign nationals working in Korea's tech, finance, and manufacturing sectors, departure requires careful planning around the NPS pension system, the unique jeonse rental deposit system, and — for high-value shareholders — Korea's exit tax on equity holdings. Korea also applies an unusual flat tax option for foreign workers that may affect departure year tax calculations.

Moving from South Korea to the USA or Europe

Key issues for Koreans moving to the US or European countries:

Korea-USA DTA: Under the Korea-USA tax treaty, Korean pension income paid to US residents is taxable in the USA; Korea may also withhold (check the applicable article). NPS lump sums received in the US are reportable on Form 1040 as foreign pension income. FTC available for Korean withholding via Form 1116.

Korean equity and US taxation: If you held Korean company shares and paid Korean exit tax: the US gives credit for Korean CGT via Form 1116. However, the tax year timing must match — ensure the Korean exit tax is paid in the same US tax year as the deemed US taxable event.

FBAR: Korean bank accounts, brokerage accounts, and NPS accounts (if individual accounts) reportable on FinCEN 114 if aggregate >$10,000.

Korean inheritance: Korea imposes a significant inheritance tax (상속세, Sangsokse) — up to 50% on inheritances above KRW 3B — that can affect estates with Korean-sited assets even after the beneficiary has emigrated. The Korea-USA DTA has limited inheritance tax provisions; check the specific DTA of your destination country.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Does the Korean exit tax apply to foreign nationals?

Yes — but only if you have been a Korean tax resident for 5 or more consecutive years AND meet the qualifying equity threshold (3%+ shareholding or ₩1B market value in Korean domestic company shares). For most foreign nationals working in Korea for fewer than 5 years: the exit tax does not apply. For long-term expatriates (5+ years in Korea) who have invested significantly in Korean equities or hold stakes in Korean startups: the exit tax can be significant. Example: a foreign tech executive holds 4% of a Korean startup valued at ₩5B — on departure after 7 years: exit tax on unrealised gain = (₩5B × 4% − cost basis) × 20%/25% rate. Important: the threshold applies to domestic (Korean) shares only — foreign-listed shares held by Korean residents are NOT subject to the Korean exit tax. Foreign shares are generally subject to Korean CGT only when actually sold.

Q: How do I claim my Korean NPS refund before leaving?

To claim your NPS lump sum refund: (1) Confirm eligibility: are you a foreign national? Are you permanently leaving Korea (not just temporarily)? Check whether your home country has a totalization agreement with Korea — if so, you contributed under the agreement rules and may have different withdrawal rights. (2) Apply at NPS: visit an NPS branch office, or apply online via the NPS foreign workers' portal (goo.nps.or.kr). Korean fluency or a Korean-speaking helper is useful. (3) Documentation needed: alien registration card (or proof of cancellation); passport; departure confirmation (visa cancellation or airline ticket); bank account details for deposit. (4) Processing: approximately 2–4 weeks. The NPS will send a payment notice (지급결정 통보) before transferring the funds. (5) International transfer: the NPS can transfer to your foreign bank account — provide SWIFT/IBAN details. Alternatively, receive in Korea and transfer via Wise (competitive KRW transfer rates). (6) Tax withholding: the NPS withholds 20% on the earnings portion. The principal (your own contributions without growth) is returned without tax.

Q: What happens to my Korean workplace pension (퇴직연금 DB/DC) when I leave?

Korean workplace pensions (퇴직연금 Toejik Yeongeum) — Defined Benefit (DB) or Defined Contribution (DC) plans — are managed separately from the NPS. On termination of employment: Defined Contribution (DC) plan: your individual DC account (personal retirement account — IRP) holds the accumulated amount. You can withdraw the IRP balance or roll it to another IRP. For departing foreigners: withdraw from the IRP account — 16.5% withholding tax applies on the total withdrawal amount (퇴직소득세). The withholding rate is calculated using a specific formula based on years of service. Defined Benefit (DB) plan: the employer calculates a severance payment based on final average salary × years of service; tax withheld at the same 16.5% rate using the retirement income formula. IRP to international transfer: after receiving the withdrawal net of withholding, transfer via your Korean bank to your international account. Korean banks support SWIFT transfers for this purpose. Withholding tax credit: the Korean severance/retirement income tax withheld is creditable against your home country's tax on the same income via the applicable DTA's pension article.

Q: Will Korea tax my global income after I leave?

Once you have ceased Korean tax residency, Korea taxes only Korean-source income — not your worldwide income. Korean-source income as a non-resident: employment income for work physically performed in Korea; business profits from Korean PE; Korean real estate rental income and capital gains; dividends from Korean companies (withholding: 22% — 20% + 10% LIT surcharge; reduced under DTA); interest from Korean bank accounts (15.4% withholding — 14% + 10% LIT); Korean company share sales above small shareholder threshold. Non-resident withholding is typically the final Korean tax — no annual Korean tax return required if all income is subject to correct withholding at source. If you sell Korean real estate as a non-resident: Korean CGT withheld by the buyer/notary; annual return may be required to account for actual deductible costs. Korea's DTA network (currently 90+ treaties): most investment income rates are further reduced under applicable DTAs to 10%–15% for dividends and 0%–10% for interest. Check the specific treaty between Korea and your new country of residence.

Disclaimer: This guide provides general tax information for educational purposes only. Korean tax rules, NPS withdrawal procedures, and exit tax thresholds change with Korean legislation and NTS administrative guidance. Nothing in this guide constitutes tax or legal advice. Consult a Korean CPA (공인회계사) or tax attorney (세무사) before departing South Korea.

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